To enable a better understanding of spinal problems, here is a brief explanation of the development, structure and function of the vertebral column:
During week four of pregnancy, certain cells of the embryo join to form cell colonies which will later develop into vertebrae and discs of the spinal column. When the growing foetus is around 60 mm long (week 11 of pregnancy) the vertebrae and intervertebral discs are already easy to distinguish. Ossification of the vertebrae begins already at this point, and it may last until the 25th year of life.
The main function of the vertebral column is to protect the spinal cord and provide support to an erect-walking person.
The vertebral column has a curvature marked by static complexity and is composed of various elements: vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments and muscles. The individual vertebra consists of the vertebral body, the spinous process and the two transverse processes. These parts enclose the spinal canal that holds the spinal cord.
The vertebral bodies are joined to form a flexible column, with the ligaments keeping the joints aligned and the muscles that run between the spinous process and the transverse process providing stability and support. Nerves extend from the neural arches to supply the organs.